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A Level Maths: Trigonometry: Compound and Double Angle Formulae Topic Summary and Resources

Year 2 · Pure

Revision Notes

Handwritten notes summarising the key ideas for each lesson. Ideal for quick review before a test.

Exam Questions

Past-paper-style questions organised by topic, with full mark schemes.

Drawn from OCR and Edexcel past papers but designed to be useful for students of all UK exam boards — including AQA and OCR MEI — unless a sheet is explicitly board-specific.

Before You Start This Topic

It will help if you are confident with the following:

  • Trigonometryfoundational trig identities and equations
  • TrigonometryRadians, Circle Sectors and Triangles}}: radian measure is now standard
  • Quadratic Equationsneeded for the quadratic-in-trig equations that result

A Level Maths trigonometry with compound and double angle formulae is the algebraic powerhouse of Year 2 trigonometry. You learn the formulas for $\sin(A \pm B)$, $\cos(A \pm B)$, and $\tan(A \pm B)$, the double angle formulas, and the harmonic form $R\cos(x \pm \alpha)$. These let you solve a huge range of equations and prove a wide variety of identities.

You apply the compound angle formulas: $\sin(A \pm B) = \sin(A)\cos(B) \pm \cos(A)\sin(B)$ and $\cos(A \pm B) = \cos(A)\cos(B) \mp \sin(A)\sin(B)$. You derive the double angle formulas from these: $\sin(2A) = 2\sin(A)\cos(A)$, $\cos(2A) = \cos^2(A) – \sin^2(A)$ (with two useful alternative forms), and $\tan(2A) = \frac{2\tan(A)}{1 – \tan^2(A)}$. You convert expressions of the form $a\cos(x) + b\sin(x)$ into the harmonic form $R\cos(x – \alpha)$ or $R\sin(x + \alpha)$, where $R = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2}$. This is enormously useful for finding maxima and minima, solving equations of the form $a\cos(x) + b\sin(x) = c$, and modelling oscillating phenomena.

Trigonometry: compound and double angle formulae is part of the Pure Maths strand of A Level Maths for AQA, Edexcel, OCR, and OCR MEI students.

Watch out for…

A few things to be careful with: $\cos(A – B) = \cos(A)\cos(B) + \sin(A)\sin(B)$ — the sign FLIPS in the cosine formula but not the sine formula; $\cos(2A)$ has three forms — pick the one that matches what is in the equation, especially when integrating; for $R\cos(x – \alpha)$, $R$ is always positive and $\alpha$ is in the first quadrant when both $a$ and $b$ are positive; and double angle does NOT distribute — $\sin(2A)$ is NOT $2\sin(A)$.